Maximilien Robespierre (1758-1794) was one of the leaders and orators of the French Revolution of 1789, best known for his involvement in the Reign of Terror that followed.
As a young man, he studied law and had a reputation for honesty and compassion. He sought to abolish the death penalty and refused to pronounce a required death sentence after becoming a judge.
But as the revolution approached, Robespierre became head of the powerful Jacobin Club, a radical group advocating exile or death for France's nobility. In 1792, after Paris mobs stormed the palace of the Tuileries and dethroned King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, Robespierre helped organize the new revolutionary governing body, the Commune of Paris.
Cavalry<span> are those soldiers who fought battles mounted on horseback. </span>Infantry<span> is the category of soldiers that fights on foot. </span>Artillery<span> is the large guns/cannons used for targeting enemy positions which are beyond the range </span>
One of the reasons of the failure is because it had failed to prevent the Second World War to occur. The purpose of the treaty itself was to stop another big war to exist again on this earth, yet it had unsuccessfully done so. The war still happened and the destruction of it was even larger and more serious than in WWI and other war in history of humankind due to the fact that the technology is increasing, and thus the weapons using are more powerful than ever, for instance, aircrafts, tanks, machine guns, and especially the use of nuclear bombs in Japan to end the war. Consequently, it resulted in dead of 75 million people including 20 million soldiers and 40 million civilians.
Furthermore, the cause of failure of the treaty was because it was lack of the enforcement mechanism and lack of willingness of the allied powers. Many terms stipulated in the treaty were not implemented. For example, the 14 points of President Woodrow Wilson including “1) no more secret treaties, 2) countries must seek to reduce their weapons and their armed forces, 3) national self-determination should allow people of the same nationality to govern themselves and one nationality should not have the power to govern another , 4) all countries should belong to the League of Nations,” and an intention of France in dividing Germany into smaller states did not occur, and thus it just caused the treaty to become weak; as a result, Germany could take the advantages of it.
So big picture, selective incorporation, it's the doctrine where judicial decisions incorporate rights from the Bill of Rights to limit laws from states that are perceived to infringe on those rights, and the justification comes from the 14th Amendment. It refers to the legal doctrine the U. S. Supreme Court has employed over the years to extend the rights guaranteed by the U. S. Constitution to the states. Through selective incorporation, the Court has ruled that states may not pass laws restricting many of the important rights enshrined in the Constitution.
Selective incorporation is a doctrine written into the Constitution that protects American citizens from their states' enacting of laws that could infringe upon their rights. Selective incorporation is not a law, but a doctrine that has been established and confirmed time and again by the United States Supreme Court.
The idea of selective incorporation dates to when the Constitution was being drafted, with the founding fathers heatedly debating the power of state governments versus the power of the federal government. In the end, the Constitution was signed and enacted without any definitive conclusion on the issue.
In the 1833 case of Barron v. Baltimore, the Supreme Court ruled that the Bill of Rights applied only to the federal government, meaning that states were able to pass their own laws violating the Bill of Rights without any intervention by the federal government. It wasn't until 1868 that Congress passed the 14th Amendment, forbidding states from denying anyone the freedom to life, liberty, and property without due process, thus reversing the decision of Barron v. Baltimore. Beginning in the 1920s, the Supreme Court ruled on many cases about the protection of the Bill of Rights within state laws. Selective incorporation is based on this approach to choosing which clauses of the Bill of Rights apply to state governments. As the Supreme Court continued to rule on cases challenging state governments' ability to violate the Bill of Rights, justices began to debate the application of the 14th Amendment. Some felt that the amendment applied to the all amendments in the Bill of Rights, prohibiting states from the same violations as the federal government, while others felt that only portions of those basic rights should be incorporated.
In the 1937 case of Palko v. Connecticut, the Court rejected total incorporation and adopted the doctrine of selective incorporation as well as the guidelines for applying it.
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He was unsure that she would let him go.
