Answer:
The fallacy examples below are hypothetical examples:
1. Although I learned the theory of natural selection in biology classes, my church minister said that this theory is false and therefore I believe it should not be taught in schools.
2. We cannot believe that vaccines are good for our bodies, as they are created in the laboratory and not created by nature. Nothing that comes from outside nature can do the organism any good.
Explanation:
The first example presents a fallacy called an appeal to authority and occurs when an individual uses the opinion of an authority, or the behavior of an authority, to justify incorrect reasoning on a particular issue. As we can see from this example, the narrator believes that the theory of natural selection should not be presented in schools, because the church minister does not agree.
The second example presents a fallacy known as an appeal to nature. In this type of fallacy, the speaker claims that anything that was not created by nature is bad and must be fought, even if there is concrete evidence to the contrary. As we know, vaccines are safe, this is a scientifically proven fact, but because they are not natural, many people claim that vaccines are harmful.
When a speaker or writer uses fallacies in their work, we can consider that speaker or writer to be someone with little capacity for logical reasoning and little insight into the subject they are addressing. In this case, we can conclude that this person needs to prepare more and research more before approaching this subject.
The presence of a fallacy in an argument does not invalidate the speaker's position, but it does invalidate the argument. This is because the fallacy represents the speaker's position on the subject and shows the speaker's opinion, but this is an incorrect opinion, which must be respected, but not validated.
