Political parties have used state-level ballot initiatives to motivate voter turnout in different ways. For example, in 2004, the Republican Party put a constitutional amendment on gay marriage on the ballot in many states. This move motivated Republican voters to show up on Election Day to vote against the measures, which defeated the initiatives and helped President George W. Bush beat John Kerry. In 2018, the trends in ballot initiatives show a focus on transportation and taxes.
Two of the main reasons for Truman's policy of containment during the Cold War were that the USSR was trying to rapidly expand, and that eliminating communism where it already existed was extremely unlikely. It was considered a very effective policy originally but then was viewed with skepticism when Vietnam hit.
The doves were those who were opposed to the Vietnam war. The prolonged war had caused a lot of protests and opposition from these groups of leaders and their supporters and the families of those soldiers involved in the war. The hawks on the other side were those who supported the continuation of the war.
