<h2>Membrane potential </h2>
Explanation:
- Membrane potential represents charge difference across the membrane, all biological cells are negative inside (cytoplasm) and positive outside (due to difference in ionic distribution)
- In a typical neuron cell membrane potential of cytoplasm is negative at rest (when no stimulus is applied) hence called resting membrane potential
- Resting membrane potential of excitable cells is established by Na+ and K+pump
- Repolarization starts with the efflux of K+ by the opening of voltage gated K+ channels
- Voltage gated K+ channels starts to open when voltage gated Na+ channels becomes inactive
- Hyperpolarization occurs due to excessive efflux of K+ by voltage gated K+ channels
- Additional efflux of K+ occurs due to slow inactivation of voltage gated K+ channels
<span>Origin
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Answer:
Some challenges animals might face when migrating are disease, global climate change, overexploitation, and habitat destruction.
Explanation:
In virtually every corner of the globe, migratory animals face a growing array of threats, including habitat destruction, overexploitation, disease, and global climate change. Saving the great migrations will be one of the most difficult conservation challenges of the 21st century.
Answer:
One offspring would have red leaves.
Explanation:
Given
Yellow leaves are dominant and red leaves are recessive
Let us assume that the trait of Yellow color of a leaf be represented by "Y"
and the trait of red color of a leaf be represented by "y"
When two parent of genotype "Yy" are crossed with each other, the following offsprings are produced as shown in the punnet square below
Y y
Y YY Yy
y Yy yy
Total four offpsrings are produced out of which only one has red leave as red color is a recessive trait and it will appear only when both the allele in a cell are of red color.
Thus, one offspring would have red leaves.
<span>C) the force of gravity</span>
