I would say a natural disaster like a forest fire that could kill trees that are their homes. A forest fire could kill the trees and also the cones they eat for food and thus destroy their habitat and also a source of food and the branches they use to travel from one tree to another in the upper stories of the forest.
Most of the world's known oil reserves are located near the Persian Gulf
Yes, the earth one was just one huge ocean.
Perimeter is 46 because it is 8+16+6+4+12
To find the area split up the two shapes, the bigger one is 8 times 12 which is 96 then the second shape has an area of 4 times 6 which is 24, add those together and the area of the whole shape is 120.