Answer: Options A,B,C, and F
A. Global climate changes.
B. Atmospheric changes.
C. Predator-prey relationships.
F. Radiation of numerous terrestrial groups.
Explanation:
Due to increasing natural disasters (such as volcanic eruption) and arthropological activities (such as mining) that led to the emission of harmful gases, changes in the atmosphere and overall climatic conditions is established.
They saturate the atmosphere and due to limited carbon sinks to absorb them, they alter the climatic parameters like temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity.
The effects of change in climatic parameters are flooding, habitat destruction, increased predation, and among others. Thus, leading to dispersal of some animal species and decline of many others.
Predator-prey relationship also plays an important role in the expansion (likely through migrating from danger) and in most cases decline of some animal species, especially when there's limited prey species to go round for the predators.
Aquifer recharge is water that moves from the land surface or unsaturated zone into the saturated zone. Quantitative estimation of recharge rate contributes to the understanding of large-scale hydrologic processes. It is important for evaluating the sustainability of groundwater supplies, though it does not equate with a sustainable rate of extraction. Where contamination of an aquifer is a concern, estimating the recharge rate is a first step toward predicting solute transport to the aquifer. Recharge may cause a short- or long-term rise of the water table. Artificial drainage, e.g., with horizontal porous pipes buried at a chosen depth, is sometimes used to maintain a minimal thickness of vadose zone for agricultural or other purposes.
Recharge rates vary considerably in time and space. Recharge often occurs episodically in response to storms and other short-term, high-intensity inputs. For a given amount of infiltration, temporal concentration enhances recharge because it entails shorter residence times for water in the portions of the soil from which evapotranspiration takes place. Similarly, a larger fraction will become recharge if it is concentrated in narrow channels such as fingers or macropores, not only because this tends to hasten its passage through the unsaturated zone, but also because the water then occupies less of the volume of soil from which evapotranspiration takes place.
The answer is d. The kidneys help process your blood and collect all of the waste and extra fluids from it. The bladder helps secrete these wastes and extra fluids from the body and that's why they are apart of the excretory system.
Bacteria, pollen, and transplanted tissue are examples of Foreign antigens.
- The source of foreign antigens is external to the body. Examples include components of or compounds created by viruses, microorganisms (such as bacteria and protozoa), substances in snake venom, specific proteins in meals, pollens and serum and red blood cell components from other people.
- T cells only identify foreign antigens that are present on the surfaces of the body's own cells, as opposed to immunoglobulins, which interact with infections and their harmful products in the extracellular spaces of the body.
- These antigens may come from pathogens that proliferate inside of cells, such as viruses or intracellular bacteria, or they may come from pathogens or their byproducts that cells have ingested through the process of endocytosis.
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<span>amylase is an example of an enzyme</span>
In biochemical reactions, it is mostly triggered by enzymes. Enzymes are important components in the process that involves metabolism and digestive functions, further, most of these enzymes are proteins.Proteins are biological macromolecule and mostly composed of enzymes. Proteins play a role in the physical make-up of a cell or acts as a cytoskeleton –maintains cell shape and figure. These proteins plays different roles and works with nucleic acids and other macromolecules in the cells including cell cycle, cell adhesion, immune response and cell indicators.