The borders of Africa would only made to serve the interest of Europeans. The natives cultures where not accounted for and thus many culture groups where torn apart and combined with their rivals do to lines set on a map by people who never even saw these places in the first place.
FN Normal force Perpendicular (i.e. normal) to the surface. Equal to whatever force is needed to prevent the object from falling through the floor. Use the FBD recipe to find FN . FT Tension In direction of the rope or string (away from the object).
Countries trade with each other when, on their own, they do not have the resources, or capacity to satisfy their own needs and wants. By developing and exploiting their domestic scarce resources, countries can produce a surplus, and trade this for the resources they need.