It would be the second one. Confederation is the worst form of government because it did not give enough authority to national leaders.
Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world The two faiths share a common place of origin in the Middle East Christianity and Islam have different scriptures, with Christianity using the Bible and Islam using the Quran, though Muslims believe that both the Quran and the Christian Gospel, termed Injeel, were sent by God. Both texts offer an account of the life and works of Jesus. The belief in Jesus is a fundamental part of Islamic theology Both religions believe in the virgin birth of Jesus through Mary, but the Biblical and Islamic accounts differ.
It led to division of labor
Both Europe and Japan had a "cast system" you could say, where peasants worked the land that the nobles owned. (The Japanese had their own terms for the people, I just can't remember them.) During this time, Europe had knights and these Knights had a code called Chivalry. Over in Japan, there were Samurai with a very similar code which was called Bushido. Hope this helps.
He was acquitted of all charges by the senate