Candy's dog has belonged to candy since he was a pup so he has become very attached to him. so when the dog is shot, it shows how weak and vulnerable candy is without his trusting friend. He is losing his strength without his dog because his friend isn't there for him anymore, and especially after his accident he has become hopeless and forgotten.
They hint to the subway gator 6*u4-5-5
Alcinous is denying Odysseus's request for sleep.
