1. These actions mean an approximation and intimacy between the two men without involving romantic or sexual desires. That's because, in Arabé culture, kissing, followed by the word "salaam" (meaning peace) is common among men who have a strong friendship and care for each other and maintain an affection for each other.
2. For Elder these actions seemed forbidden among men, but he soon realizes that they must have some kind of religious and cultural motivation.
