In the recent years although women’s status and role has been uplifted beyond being a housewife, the priority is still given to men in politics, education, employment, and related walks of life.The constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan dictates equal rights for men and women. However, men are more equal than women in reality. The reality shows women in lower status than men in every sphere of life whether it’s education, food, health care or freedom of choice of partner. Rank of Pakistan among 185 countries is 100 determining the empowerment of women on a country basis.
Ese days climate change is a global issue impacting the lives of millions of people forcing them to migrate to other areas indicating that the phenomenon is real and is bound to affect the rest of those unaffected by it today.
According to the Global Climate Risk Index 2014, climate change’s most apparent impacts can be seen in developing or least developed countries.
Pakistan,which enjoys four seasons&mild temperatures is blessed with 1,000km of coastline providing livelihood opportu- nities to millions of people adjoining these areas but climate change has threatened their lives due to frequent and intensive monsoons and lack of coastal resilience to cyclones (Phet 2011).
According to German Watch Institute, Pakistan was not included in the Long-Term Climate Risk Index (1993-2012) which clearly shows that it wasn’t a disaster hit country but the Climate Risk Index (CRI) for 2012 ranked Pakistan at number 3 as the most affected country by climate change revealing that inappropriate decision making of the government.
Ineffective planning and over-exploitation of natural resources causing billions of dollars in damage and driving the economically unstable country further into poverty.
It has been observed that countries most affected by climate change contribute very little amounts to CO2 emissions and the major contributors are developed countries which during the industrialization period released vast amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere thus affecting the course of nature.
This affected Pakistan as well, however it contributes very little to global green house gasses emissions, as on a per capita basis it ranks 135 in the world
Sponges are the simplest and most primitive animals on earth. They are found in continental water bodies, where 98% of the population are found in salt-water and the remainder in fresh-water.
They have little or no defined organs and movement is hardly noticed in adult sponges, feed by filtration, and have a rather flexible skeletal structure.
