I believe the correct answer would be (b)
Answer:
Deep-sea trenches generally lie seaward of and parallel to adjacent island arcs or mountain ranges of the continental margins. They are closely associated with and found in subduction zones—that is, locations where a lithospheric plate bearing oceanic crust slides down into the upper mantle under the force of gravity.
Explanation:
"The result is a topographic depression where the oceanic plate comes in contact with the overriding plate, which may be either oceanic or continental. If the overriding plate is oceanic, an island arc develops. The trench forms an arc in plan view, and islands with explosive volcanoes develop on the overriding plate. If the overriding plate is continental, a marginal trench forms where the topographic depression appears to follow the outline of the continental margin. Explosive volcanoes are found there too"
Law of lateral horizontality or law of original horizontality.
The law of primordial horizontality states that all rock formations are initially deposited (deposited) horizontally and can be deformed later. from this, we can conclude that something must have happened to the rock that caused it to tilt. These include orogenic events, earthquakes, and faults.
Laws of geology?
- Uniformity: the present is the key to the past.
- Pure horizontality: sedimentary layers are deposited first in horizontal strata.
- Superposition: the lowest layer is the oldest, and it gets younger as it accumulates.
The term, coined by William Whewell, was first proposed by English naturalists in the late 18th century as an antidote to catastrophe. It originated with geologist James Hutton starting his research in many of his books, including his theory of the earth.
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