<span>the high expense; electron microscopes are costly</span>
Answer
The correct option is B.
Explanation
Ecological succession of any species is composed of following stages:
A. Migration
The movement of species from one place to another location for the purpose of setting permanently o temporary is known as migration
. Forexample
Siberian crane (<em>Leucogeranus leucogeranus</em>) that live in the arctic tundra of eastern and western Russia. The eastern population of birds migrate to china while western population of these birds migrate to Iran, India and Nepal during winter season.
B. Ecesis
The complete establishment of species in new habitat that was completely barren or left barren due to some catastrophe is known as Ecesion. This process is dependent upon the climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. The success of plant depend upon some of the adaptations to withstand the unfavorable conditions which includes both biotic and abiotic conditions.
Forexample
The process of succession in xerosphere start on barren area from pioneer stage covered by crustose lichen, then foliose lichen followed by moss stage, herbaceous stage and a last by shrub stage.
C. Nudation
The initiation of new species by major environmental disturbance such as volcano eruption is known as Nudation.
D. Reaction
It represents the effect of established species on the habitat. Forexample plants alter habitat condition as they grow. They extract raw materials from the environment in large amounts and return metabolic wastes. The waste accumulates in large amounts and differ from the original raw materials, thus altering the environment.
E. Competition
The phenomenon which involves struggle for existence between two or more individuals growing in same area, that make excessive demand that are similar in nature on the soil is known as competition.
Such struggle may be in between same species or different species. The competition may be interspecific or intraspecific. Because of completion the weak individuals are eliminated as strong ones are retained.
Mafia gain the interest and scrutiny of the public through their unique and fearful actions.
Mafia gain the interest and scrutiny of the public by threatening people in the society as well as killing some of them. The main aim of Mafia is to earn money so they perform many actions in order to gain money from the public such as extortion, kidnapping etc.
The person who gives money to Mafia is safe but that person who refuses to pay money to Mafia will gain the punishment of death so we can say that in this way Mafia gain the interest of the public.
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The geologist time scale was formed when scientists studied rock layers and index fossils worldwide. With this information, they placed Earth's rocks in order by relative age. Later, radioactive dating helped determine the exact age of the divisons in the geologic time scale.
This scale is organized by the 4.6 billion years of earth's history into sections based on important changes seen in the geologic record. The largest intervals are called eons, with each eon containing many millions of years.
In precambarian time the processes that affect Earth's surface have lessened the erosion on the surface. Earth was being hit by meteorites every second. Now there is water erosion and there wasn't back then. The surface changes have lessened over time.
Absolute maximum is 115.7 years of age
