It's either c or d because a and b are opinionated
1. The adverb that modifies the verb is c) ever. Without it, it wouldn't be completely clear as to which time frame the speaker refers to. It may have been for example the last year, or in some other particular moment.
2. The adverb that modifies the verb is b) always. It adds to the sense of urgency of wearing a life jacket when rafting. Without it, the meaning of this sentence wouldn't be so precise.
The sentence in the above excerpt from "In Another Country" by Ernest Hemingway which is an example of irony is:
“You are a fortunate young man.”
The story "In Another Country" is about Hemingway's personal experiences in the Milanese hospital. He narrates the stories of the patients admitted with him after the end of the first World War. The story talks about the wounds which the war has given to them, apart from the physical pains. The wounded soldiers wanted to erase the ills and effects which the world war has given to the world. In the above excerpt, it is ironical that the doctor calls the football player 'a fortunate man' after his leg broke off.
I believe the answer is heroic couplets, which is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used in epic and narrative poetry, and consisting of a rhyming pair of lines in iambic pentameter.
