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is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen is the first, and most general, mechanism of protection agai

Leona [35]

The question is incomplete. The complete question is:

Question: Innate immunity:

a) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to a pathogen.

b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

c) is found only in vertebrates

d) depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to a pathogen

Answer:

b) is the first and most general, mechanism of protection against pathogens

Explanation:

Innate immunity is the nonspecific immune response that provides immediate and the most general protection against all types of pathogens, parasites, toxins and cancer cells. Innate immune responses serve to prevent the pathogens from entering the body. The components of innate immunity also rapidly destroy those pathogens that have entered the body.

Some of the components of innate immunity are the first line of defense such as the physical and chemical barriers of the skin and mucous membranes. The components of the second line of defense such as natural killer cells, phagocytes and inflammatory response are also involved in innate immune responses.

For example, cuticle or skin serves as a physical barrier to pathogens that come in contact with an animal’s body. Phagocytosis kills the bacteria that invade the body.

6 0

3 years ago

Which best describes transformation in bacteria

Shtirlitz [24]

Answer:

Bacteria take DNA from their environment.

Explanation:

"Bacteria take DNA from their environment" is what best describes transformation in bacteria.

4 0

4 years ago

What happens to the stem of a plant that is grown upside down?

zepelin [54]

The roots will grow toward the ground despite being planted upside down due to gravity. Due to gravity, the roots will turn and grow towards the ground, following gravity's pull. So, I believe D?

5 0

3 years ago

Mitosis does NOT occur in which of these types of cells?

Nutka1998 [239]

1. Bacteria
2. 1 Parent
3. Meiosis

5 0

3 years ago

Study the image of a plate boundary. The Asthenosphere is being divided by the Lithosphere on the left of the diagram. Oceanic c

choli [55]

Answer:

Earthquakes

Explanation:

Because

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5 0

3 years ago

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I GIVE BRAINLIEST Please hurry!!