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2 years ago

PLEASE HELP!! 36 POINTS!!!

Biology

1 answer:

Serhud [2]2 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Natural selection can cause microevolution (change in allele frequencies), with fitness-increasing alleles becoming more common in the population.

Fitness is a measure of reproductive success (how many offspring an organism leaves in the next generation, relative to others in the group).

Natural selection can act on traits determined by alternative alleles of a single gene, or on polygenic traits (traits determined by many genes).

Natural selection on traits determined by multiple genes may take the form of stabilizing selection, directional selection, or disruptive selection.

Introduction

We've already met a few different mechanisms of evolution. Genetic drift, migration, mutation...the list goes on. All of these mechanisms can make a population evolve, or change in its genetic makeup over generations.

But there's one mechanism of evolution that's a bit more famous than the others, and that's natural selection. What makes natural selection so special? Out of all the mechanisms of evolution, it's the only one that can consistently make populations adapted, or better-suited for their environment, over time.

You may have already seen natural selection as part of Darwin’s theory of evolution. In this article, we will dive deeper – in fact, deeper than Darwin himself could go. We will examine natural selection at the level of population genetics, in terms of allele, genotype, and phenotype frequencies.

Quick review of natural selection

Here is a quick reminder of how a population evolves by natural selection:

Organisms with heritable (genetically determined) features that help them survive and reproduce in a particular environment tend to leave more offspring than their peers.

If this continues over generations, the heritable features that aid survival and reproduction will become more and more common in the population.

The population will not only evolve (change in its genetic makeup and inherited traits), but will evolve in such a way that it becomes adapted, or better-suited, to its environment.

Explanation:

Here's my notes, i used and got it correct.

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Help with in-text citations. Answer soon, please! Paper due tomorrow.

Natali5045456 [20]

In-text citations are for any information you got from another source. if you directly quote it, you need an in-text citation; if you summarize it, you need one; if you paraphrase it, you need one.

APA format in-text citations require three things if available: the author's name, the year, and the page number. for parenthetical citations, it's formatted like so: (Smith, 2002, pp. 91)

however, signal phrases change things. signal phrases are your lead-ins to quotes, like, "According to John Smith" or "An article by Jane Doe" -- HOWEVER, in APA format, you're required to put the year in the signal phrase if you mention the author. "According to John Smith" becomes "According to John Smith (2002)," and you continue your sentence like normal.

if no author is available, cite it by the title of the web article. for example: ("Camping," 2001). if no page number is available, as is usually the case with web sources, leave it out.

remember that if you say the article/page number/author's name IN your signal phrase, the same information doesn't need to be repeated in your in-text citation. you only need to give the information once, because they'll be able to find it on your reference page:

According to John Smith (2002), mosquitoes prefer humid weather (pp. 9).
Mosquitoes prefer humid weather (Smith, 2002, pp.9).
According to page 9 of "The Great Outdoors" by John Smith (2002), mosquitoes prefer humid weather.

note that for the last one, no "end of the sentence" in-text citation is needed, because you gave all three pieces of info within the sentence.

an easy way to remember the difference between MLA and APA is that APA emphasizes the date of your source more. it wants the year as soon as you reference your author. this is because in science fields, discoveries are often made then later revised, so they want to know what year you got your information from. outdated information could be considered like invalid or whatever so dates matter A Lot for science!!

MLA format is actually easier. all you have to do for the in-text citations is the author's last name and page number, or the article title. no dates are needed in-text.

as an example: (Smith 9)

no "pp." is needed as they require in APA format. just the name, then a number for the page. that's it. if you say the author's name in your signal phrase, you only need to give the page number:

According to John Smith in his book "The Great Outdoors," mosquitoes prefer humid weather (9).
According to "The Great Outdoors," mosquitoes prefer humid weather (Smith 9).
According to page 9 of "The Great Outdoors," mosquitoes prefer humid weather (Smith).

this...is long. but i hope it helps! feel free to message me if you run across any special cases that give you trouble.

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Compare and contrast bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. What are their similarities and differences? g

Rina8888 [55]

Answer:

Bioarchaeology is a discipline that studies human skeletal remains in an archaeological investigation; while forensic anthropology refers to the study of human skeletal remains in a criminal case

Explanation:

Bioarchaeology is a discipline centered on the study of skeletal remains in order to obtain useful information about past societies/civilizations such as, for example, health conditions. On the other hand, forensic anthropology investigates human skeletal remains within a legal and/or criminal investigation. This information may result useful to identify a dead person, find the cause of death, and estimate time since death.

Similarities:

-Both disciplines have a strong biology background (especially in zoology)

-Both disciplines are focused on skeletal analysis

Differences:

-Bioarchaeology is associated with the anthropological study of human societies, while forensic anthropology associated with legal investigations

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