The author is trying to portray that all parts are important even though some may come smaller or larger than other. Nothing could happen as planned without the smaller of bigger parts
Words such as because, since, while, before, during, after, and instead of can link independent clauses or phrases and are called conjunctions.
I think the small words are not capitalized
I think the real point that is being made here is that it is easier for a civilization to uprise and attack their government or domestic military than it is to completely restructure a society or governmental system to incorporate the ideals of the culture. This is especially the case when there are not clear leaders in the rebellion. For instance, there is currently a rebellion happening in Syria, however, there are so many different rebelling groups that there are no clear leaders since there is not one homogenous rebellion, as was the case in the United States revolutionary war. Hope this helps.
