As mentioned in the question, all the proteins in our cells (and there are many - diverse as they are numerous) arise essentially from four nucleotides - A, C, G, and T - in DNA. These stretches of DNA (known as genes) code for mRNA (the "m" standing for messenger, as these molecules carry a message from the nucleus to the cytoplasm), which again are made up of just four different nucleotides - A, C, G, and U. How these nucleotides code for amino acids was a point of contention between scientists for many years, with Francis Crick (co-discoverer of the structure of DNA) arguing for a complex and overlapping two-nucleotide system. The truth is much simpler. The four nucleotides can combine to form various three-letter arrangements (sixty-four, to be exact) known as codons. One codon codes for a "start" codon, three codons for a "stop" codon, and the remaining codons for the other amino acids. The more eagle-eyed quizzer will see that the numbers don't quite add up (sixty codons, but only twenty amino acids?). In fact, the "start" codon codes for the amino acid methionine. The remaining nineteen amino acids share the fifty-nine remaining codons, with some amino acids being coded for by more than one codon (arginine alone is coded for by six codons!).
The ribosome is an interesting beast. It is a small but complex machine of the cell which firstly recognises the mRNA codons, and then recruits molecules known as tRNA (the "t" here stands for transfer) which deliver the appropriate amino acids. It consists of a "large" subunit and a "small" subunit, which work together poetically to create proteins from mRNA codes - a process known as translation. Ribosomes are a mixture of proteins and nucleic acids, and it came as somewhat of a shock to the scientific community to realise that it was the nucleic acid (and not the protein) which carries out the catalytic activities of the ribosome. This finding, deduced from detailed structural analysis of ribosomes, earned Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath the 2009 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
Answer:
The correct answer is ''The scientific study of heredity''
Explanation:
Genetics is a branch of biology that studies how hereditary characters are transmitted from generation to generation and the diversity that exists among living beings. Inheritance is the physical and biological characteristics that we share with our family and that can determine our appearance and our biological characteristics, that is, our phenotype (eye color, skin type, etc.) as well as our internal characteristics. All of this is largely derived from our genetic components, that is, our genotype.
The greatest threats to coral reefs is the rising temperature of the oceans as a result of climate change and the acidification of the oceans due to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere which dissolves in the ocean and forms carbonic acid.Aug 3, 2015
<span>The three types of names are: chemical, which describe the actual chemical composition of the medication, generic, which is the name that all versions of the medication would go by without being sold by a specific company, and trade, which is the specific brand name that a medicine will have when sold by one company.</span>
Answer:
Convection
Explanation:
The process where molten magma rises and sinks due to the temperature difference is known as CONVECTION.
This occurs when the hot magma moves upward and is cooled and moves downward again to be heated due to temperature difference, and similarly when cold magma moves upward and is heated and moves downward again to be cooled due to temperature difference.
Hence, in this case, the correct answer is CONVECTION
