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Renewable Hydropower TechnologiesEdited by Basel I. Ismail
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Renewable Hydropower Technologies
Edited by Basel I. Ismail
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Abstract
Nepal has endowed high potential of water resources, covering 395,000 ha (48%) area within 45,000 km in length of 6000 rivers with 170 billion m3 annual runoff and 45,610 MW feasible hydroelectricity generation. Since 1911, 500 kW power generation at Pharping, now reached 782.45 MW production in 2016. Nepal government has planned to increase its current 67.3% access in electricity to 1426 MW (87%), by 2022. Globally, 16.6% generation of hydroelectricity, 1,079 GW production, in 2015 will be increased to 1,473 GW by 2040 as projected. Although, hydropower is considered as a renewable clean energy, dam closure, influence within the downstream river and connected ecosystems have consequent impacts on hydropower production. Nepal’s topography offered more RoR types of hydropower and has more risk of landslide, flooding, GLOFs, LDOFs, and flash floods. Despite, Nepal contributes 0.027% of total global Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; Nepal has focused on renewable energy, hydropower production, targeting 12000 MW by 2030 to fulfill its growing demand of 11,500 MW. Consequent development of clean energy, GHG reduction, single Bhotekoshi hydropower can reduce 160092 tons CO2/year. The energy-related CO2 emissions increased 43.2 billion metric tons by 2040 globally, which can be reduced through promotion of clean energy.
- to prevent unauthorized access to customer credentials
- to protect customer data from unauthorized access; These are super important goals. Safeguards or systems should be implemented to help achieve them. It's important to distinguish between a discrete goal and the <u>mechanisms </u>or defense systems that help you to achieve these goals. Defenses on their own aren't goals, but they allow us to work towards these goals.
What is mechanisms ?
A mechanism in engineering is a tool that converts desired output forces and movements from input forces and movements. In general, mechanisms are made up of moving parts, such as cams and followers, belts and chain drives, and gears and gear trains.
"A combination of resisting things so arranged that by their means the mechanical forces of nature can be compelled to execute work accompanied by definite definable motion," is how the German scientist Franz Reuleaux describes a machine. His usage of the word "machine" in this context is typically taken to refer to a mechanism.
Power is defined as the product of force and motion, and power is controlled by a mechanism to produce a desired combination of forces and motion.
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this is right because the kids will need all the help that they can get
Answer:The mere-exposure effect.
Explanation:
The mere-exposure effect is a pyschological state which makes us develop the love for something based on the mere fact that we have been exposed to it for a long time or we are more familiar with it. It is also referred to as the familiarity principle.
"after several months of commuting, she starts to like the apartment building and even considers renting an apartment there"
After a period of commuting in this building Susan is more familiar with the place and has developed the love for it such that she even want to rent an Apartment there. So the mere fact of exposure has made her like the place.
Conflict diamonds, also known as blood diamonds, are diamonds harvested as the product of illegal labor. Many are from Northern Africa. Farmers force citizens to mine diamonds with no income and sell them for a large profit. The Kimberly Process is a method designed to prevent illegal harvesters from profiting off of conflict diamonds. There are 81 countries participating in this cause. Sellers are required to show ID as well as proof of valid mining. The Kimberly Process has been effective, but there are still a large number of illegal farmers profiting. This is why there is so much controversial criticism around the topic.
<em>(Originally written: Information from official KP website and prior knowledge)</em>