Temperature can be defined as a measure of the degree of coldness or hotness of a physical object. It is measured with a thermometer and its units are Celsius (°C), Kelvin (K) and Fahrenheit (°F).
Radiation is simply the transmission or emission of energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves through a vacuum, material medium or space.
Earth’s atmosphere helps to regulate its temperature. However, the addition of gases such as carbon dioxide causes more energy to radiate back toward Earth. As a result, the atmospheric temperature increases over time. If Earth had no atmosphere, it would radiate nearly as much energy as it receives from the Sun. This implies that the temperatures on Earth would be lower than Earth’s current temperature.
A longer melt season in Antarctica leads to a greater loss of land-based glacier ice. The water from the melted land glaciers runs into the oceans and leads to an overall increase in volume. This change has global effects.
The answer is D. The question asks how different cultures influenced each other so that rules out options A & B. Option C is about the environment being destroyed, and that really has nothing to do with foreign influence.
Climate oscillation or climate cycles are a recurring oscillation within the global or regional climates and their fluctuations produce varying climatic cells and pressures often occurring on an interannual and multi annular basis.
On a decadal and millennium timescales.Current examples of the ENSO, Pacific oscillation, Antarctica, and arctic oscillation. like ENSO is characterized by flooding and drought conditions and the distribution of extreme conditions in the form of heat and cold waves.
Other cycles like the Piora oscillation, Little ice age, medieval warm period, retreating of glaciers and warming of the planet. All these cycles move on earth from the equator to tropics to temperate to polar areas and the continuous warming and cooling periods have altered the rate of spreading of the seafloor and oceanic basin.
Present warming has drastically created a major change in the evolution of species causing extinction and quick decomposition of resources. The release of carbon and methane gases over these years have raised the greenhouse effect at alarming rates.
