He should say that he deserves a raise because he is hard working and diligent in his work, never slacking off, nice to customers, goes the extra mile in doing things for his boss, etc.
The answer is the readers Senses. Because it helps us better imagine the settings as if we were there.
Answer: C. A Muslim Ruler with absolute power would be called a "Sultan".
You can eliminate C right away, which leaves you with A, B, and D. Personally, I would choose B and D. When choosing paths in life, its often important to make tough decisions. And these choices sometimes are dependent on your future, making the answer B and D.