I think...
a. Spain
b. black sea
c. Baghdad
d. Damascus
e. strait of Gibraltar
f. Mediterranean sea
g. mecca
h. Constantinople
j. peninsula
k. red sea
Has a semi presidential system
"It was strategically located to deal with the Persians in the east and barbarians to the north" was not a reason why the Emperor Constantine selected the ancient town of Byzantium as the site for his new capital of Constantinople, since this location did not mitigate many of the effects of foreign invasions.
California with 33.3% has the highest percentage.