The correct answer is: Protons are pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space
Chemiosmosis can be described as movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. It occurs during the cellular respiration within mitochondria and it is involved in ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation via ATP synthase).
Electrons from electron carriers (NADH and FADH) donate electrons to the electron transport chain and that causes changes in protein complexes of electron transport chain. As a consequence, protein complexes pump H+ across a selectively permeable cell membrane from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
H+ can only get back and pass through the inner mitochondrial membrane with the help of ATP synthase (down their electrochemical gradient). ATP synthase turned by the force of the H+ diffusing through it forms ATP by adding a phosphate to ADP.
<span>The commonly accepted values is 4 Calories per gram of protein and carbohydrate and 9 Calories per gram of fat. Since we have 2 grams of each, a little simple math will do:
2 g * 4 Cal/g + 2 g * 4 Cal/g + 2 g *9 Cal/g = 8 Cal + 8 Cal + 18 Cal = 34 Cal</span>
Homeostasis refer to the metabolic balance being maintained by several processes. It may include having a stable internal physiologic condition such as the blood ph or body temperature. Among the options, the best answer would be c. the villi of the small intestine would increase the absorption of nutrients from small intestine to the blood.
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Explanation:
Axial part : includes the head, neck, and trunk.
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Industries cause enormous water pollution: By directly discharging their untreated effluents into water bodies like rivers and lakes. By letting their polluting effluents flow onto land so that they get absorbed into the soil and pollute underground water.
