Debates erupted over representation in Congress, over slavery, and over the new executive branch
The scale does. When you know the scale it is easy to calculate the real distance. If the scale is 1 : 1000, that means that 1cm on the map is equal to 1000cm in real life.
It was Homo erectus.
This species is extinct. It is believed to be the first fossil about 1.9 million years ago. Many believe it looks like an ape. Homo erectus is the ancestor of morden human beings.