Lincoln's presidential election in 1860.
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Solution. Models are being used as a simplified representation of an object, idea, or an event that is too complex, too small, or too big to study. Scientists use models in order to show how a certain phenomenon occurs and to answer the questions regarding it.
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The correct answer is - 2. Earth's climates have changed and are likely to change in the future.
From what is known for the geologic past of the Earth, our planet's climate has been changing numerous times. The climate on the planet has varied from being predominantly wet tropical climate, to having ice ages, having multiple different climate types at the same time... The reasons for the changes in the Earth's climate are numerous, with the Sun's radiation, tectonic movements and activities, volcanic activity, outside influences like asteroid and meteorite collisions, the vegetation, and all of them have managed to create a very colorful climate history of the planet. This trend of climate change should continue in the future as well, as all of the aforementioned factors are still influencing the climate and on top of that the humans have become a factor in the climate change too.
Earth is at perihelion when it is closest to the Sun, sometime after the Dcember Solstice.