Answer:
How the sea serves us
> Many of the ecosystem services provided by the sea are threatened today by overexploitation, environmental pollution and greenhouse gases. Yet in many cases, how severely individual habitats are degraded and ecosystem services are impaired is just not known. Researchers are therefore attempting to assess the exact condition of marine ecosystems. Such analysis is important in order to plan concrete protection measures and to define critical limits and target values.
The bounty of the sea © Science Photo Library/Steve Gschmeissner/Getty Images
The bounty of the sea
> Since time immemorial we humans have been living with the seas and from their bounty. They provide us with food, mineral resources, transportation routes and other services. The climate-regulating effect of the oceans and the biochemical processes that take place in the sea are of fundamental importance. Today, some of these services are under threat, which i
Cells clump together during a process called agglutination as a result of the accumulation of antigens and antibodies.
Immune complexes are created when soluble antigens are brought together by the appropriate antibody molecules, and they become visible when they are big enough to precipitate out of the solution.
- The interaction between antibody molecules and the associated antigen molecules causes both agglutination and precipitation processes.
- Agglutination, on the other hand, is the clumping of cells that occurs when one antibody binds several antigens at once.
- Contrarily, precipitation occurs when soluble antigens and soluble antibodies interact to form a clear, insoluble substance known as the precipitate.
- Agglutination takes place when a target antigen, also known as isoagglutinin, interacts with a corresponding antibody in the presence of an electrolyte at the right temperature and pH, leading to the development of apparent clumps or aggregates.
- Precipitation happens when an electrolyte, an antigen, and a soluble antigen interact at the right temperature and pH to create cross-links or precipitates that sink to the bottom of the solution.
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the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.
Answer:
1. Soluble
2. Catalyze
3. Denatured
Explanation:
1. We eat in order to obtain energy. However, this food is often in a complex state and needs to be broken down into its simplest form. The process of digestion ensures this occurs in living organisms. Digestion is the process of breaking down large food molecules into a much more simpler molecule that can be passed on to the blood stream for absorption by cells. These simpler molecules must be SOLUBLE in water for them to be transported into each cell via the bloodstream.
2. The breaking down of food molecules described above is facilitated by certain proteinous chemical agents called ENZYMES. Enzymes are biological catalysts i.e. they help speeden up the rate of biochemical reactions in living systems. In the case of digestion, specific enzymes chemically acts on specific food molecules. For example, amylase acts on carbohydrates, protease acts on proteins etc.
3. As stated above that enzymes are proteinous, it means they possess the characteristics of proteins. One of those characteristics is the ability to get denatured by increase in temperature. High temperature causes an enzyme to lose its specific 3D shape, affecting its functionality. Hence, the enzyme is said to be DENATURED.
