Answer:
The meaning of synonymous in this context is associated with or equal to
Explanation:
In this excerpt from "Brighton Beach Memoirs" by Neil Simon, the playwright provides historical context by referring to Italian baseball players. It is clear that in the time this play was written, there were many Italian baseball players. The reference to Italian food, Eugene's mother, or Eugene's middle name don't give us a good reference in history as they could all be relevant in any time period. The amount of Italian baseball players, however, could give us a good idea of when the play took place historically.
When he convinced Polyphemus of the false alias, he was demonstrating cleverness.
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The correct answer is B. Clause.
Phrases don't have predicates so it's not a phrase and complexity is out of the question when talking about a simple, single clause. Adverbs are single words but adverbial clauses or adverbial phrases exist as well.