Imperial expansion is when an imperialistic country expands by taking over territories of other countries.
The Fourteenth Amendment later became the basis for equal rights claims.
Well it depends on which part of the middle ages you are looking at, if you are looking at the beginning, I would call it the dark ages due to the downfall of the Roman empire. If you are looking at the middle I would also call it the dark ages due to the famine and disease that were rampant. Its not toward the end of the middle ages we start seeing advances in culture start becoming more diverse. So in short I would call the middle ages the dark ages.