An utterance considered as an action, particularly with regard to its intention, purpose, or effect.
In the philosophy of language and linguistics, speech act is something expressed by an individual that not only presents information, but performs an action as well.[1] For example, the phrase "I would like the kimchi, could you please pass it to me?" is considered a speech act as it expresses the speaker's desire to acquire the kimchi, as well as presenting a request that someone pass the kimchi to them. According to Kent Bach, "almost any speech act is really the performance of several acts at once, distinguished by different aspects of the speaker's intention: there is the act of saying something, what one does in saying it, such as requesting or promising, and how one is trying to affect one's audience".[2] The contemporary use of the term goes back to J. L. Austin's development of performative utterances and his theory of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. Speech acts serve their function once they are said or communicated. These are commonly taken to include acts such as apologizing, promising, ordering, answering, requesting, complaining, warning, inviting, refusing, and congratulating.[3]
El contenido. Son los puntos más relevantes, interesantes o polémicos; la importancia de la persona entrevistada, los objetivos de la entrevista y la importancia del tema.
La organización. En una entrevista escrita podemos distinguir tres partes: introducción (objetivo de la entrevista y presentación del entrevistado); cuerpo o desarrollo (preguntas y repuestas más relevantes); y cierre o conclusión.
Lenguaje. En una situación comunicativa formal como la entrevista , el lenguaje, se adapta a la ocupación, estudios y género del entrevistado. Es conveniente respetar algunas expresiones propias del entrevistado, como palabras coloquiales, regionalismos o términos especializados. Con ello se logrará dar veracidad y realismo al informe.
