B) to demonstrate a lesson about the importance of scientific research
The article focuses on the research done to conclude that the crater formed was due to a meteorite, not a volcano and further goes to mention the other hypotheses drawn from it, such as the craters on the moon. The final few sentences indicate that scientific research is also being done on other events.
If the underlined phrase is 'deep in the forest', then the answer is A, 'adverb phrase', because it denotes the place where the action happened.
D: Premonition
that is the correct answer
