Well your and my stomach is made up of a stomach lining, protecting the rest of the internal organs from the acid. This diagram might help you understand how the cells and how your stomach forms HCL. <span>HCL breaks down proteins in your </span>stomach<span> to prepare them for digestion (like the proteins in milk and meat) and kills bacteria that enter your </span>stomach. It converts the inactive enzyme <span>pepsinogen </span>into the active enzyme pepsin. If you need more information please feel free to ask!
Answer:
A) Dendritic cells and macrophages, although they are also found in other cells that belong, or not, to the immune system.
B) The innate immune response
Explanation:
The immune system is equipped with specialized receptors for the detection of pathogens such as bacteria or viruses, which are called receptors that recognize patterns (PRRs). These proteins are a key element in the innate system and are expressed primarily in antigen presenting cells, such as <u>dendritic cells and macrophages, although they are also found in other cells that belong, or not, to the immune system.</u>
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The innate immune response</u> begins with the recognition of highly conserved molecular structures and present in large groups of microorganisms called 'molecular patterns associated with pathogens' (PAMP). This recognition is done by the 'pattern recognition receptors' (RRP) of the host.
The best known bacterial PAMPs are:
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
Peptidoglucan
Lipoteic Acids
Mananas (Mannose
)
Bacterial DNA
Double stranded RNA
Glucans
These PAMP are essential for the survival and pathogenicity of bacteria.
The structures and molecules involved in translation includes; the messenger RNA, which is a result of transcription, small subunit of ribosome, large subunit of ribosome, Amino acids, the Transfer RNA and also the anticodon. Translation is the process by which the information in the messenger RNA is interpreted to make proteins in the cytoplasm in the organelles called ribosomes.
Answer:
B osmosis
Explanation:
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Answer:
Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring).
<u><em>Definitions:</em></u>
<u><em></em></u>
<u>Predation rate</u>
is the annual mortality within. a population directly attributable to predation; it represents the level of. successful predator attacks that the animals are unable to control after they. have implemented their antipredator strategies. Predation risk, on the.
<u>random mutations:</u>
What is commonly called "random mutation" does not in fact occur in a mathematically random pattern. The process of genetic mutation is extremely complex, with multiple pathways, involving more than one system. Current research suggests most spontaneous mutations occur as errors in the repair process for damaged DNA.
<u>competition:</u>
the activity or condition of competing.
<u>environmental changes:</u>
Examples of these global environmental changes include climate change, freshwater shortages, loss of biodiversity (with consequent changes to functioning of ecosystems), and exhaustion of fisheries.
