Most people remember Gandhi and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as reformers who practiced non-violent forms of protest and advocacy
. Both effectively changed the popular opinion about emotional issues for their countries and brought in a wave of change that was long overdue.
But the practice of non-violent protest, or civil disobedience, started long before either Gandhi or King. It began with a quiet, shy poet who is
best known for writing a lot about a pond.
Henry David Thoreau lived from 1817 until 1862, mainly in the area of Concord, Massachusetts. The issue that would tear the country apart
in the 1860s had already begun dividing the nation. Thoreau was only 14 when Nat Turner led the slave rebellion in Virginia and was later
hanged. In his late 20s, Thoreau began speaking against slavery in public, echoing the voices of freedmen like Frederick Douglass and Lewis
Hayden
Thoreau believed that a government that supported slavery was corrupt and immoral. He was also deeply suspicious of government. For
these and other reasons, Thoreau refused to pay his poll tax for a number of years. The poll tax was a legal tax owed by every person. It was
basically a tax on one's body. After not paying for years, he was at last arrested. He spent only one night in jail, however, a relative paid the
tax for him. He was reportedly furious that any tax was paid on his behalf.
It was this experience that Thoreau wrote about in an essay called "Civil Disobedience. In this essay, he argued that being moral and just
came before allegiance to government. He wrote "If the machine of government is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of
injustice to another, then, I say, break the law! He also felt that voting was not enough to ensure that the right thing be done. He wrote that
"even voting for the right is doing nothing for it... A wise man will not leave the right to the mercy of chance." He felt that one had a moral
responsibility to resist unjust laws.
Review the third paragraph of Part 1:
Thoreau believed that a government that supported slavery was corrupt ond immoral. He was also deeply suspicious of government. For these and
other reasons, Thoreau refused to pay his poll tax for a number of years. The poll tax was a legal tax owed by every person. It was basically a tax on
one's body. After not paying for years, he was at last arrested. He spent only one night in jail however as a relative paid the tax for him. He was
reportedly furious that any tax was paid on his behalf.
How does the final sentence in the paragraph show the change in the way Thoreau is described? (5 points)
It emphasizes the strength of his beliefs,
It implies he was unpredictable.
It suggests he wasn't such a nice man.
It suggests he really didn't like jail
A mixed market economy with some government regulation.
Explanation:
Mixed economy is a form of economy that combines two or more distinct economic models. It is an economic system in which both the private sector and the public sector participate.
Based on this, we can conclude that Gabriela lives a mixed market economy because she buys the silk from a foreign supplier, but this purchase is subject to a tax on imported products.
The Freedmen's Bureau, was an organization established by the US Congress during the Reconstruction period in order to help former black slaves and poor whites in the South.
This organization provided free slaves with food, clothing, medicine, labor contracts and education.
The Bureau also allowed the building of thousands of schools for blacks, and helped to found colleges such as Howard University, Fisk University and Hampton University.
However, the Freedmen’s Bureau enhanced racial tension in the south since poor blacks and whites fought for resources and jobs places provided by the Bureau.
The Freedmen’s Bureau helped former slaves to legalize marriages and locate lost relatives.
Nevertheless, the US Congress which had been put under pressure from with white Southerners had to shut the Freedmen's Bureau down in 1872.
The Ku Klux Klan was an organization whose primary goal was the reestablishment of white supremacy.
The KKK carried out campaigns of intimidation and violence directed at white and black Republican leaders.
The KKK spread in almost every southern state during the Reconstruction era.
The KKK used scare tactics, terror methods, violence, and murder to intimidate blacks, Republicans, members of the Freedmen’s Bureau. They also burned crosses as a way of demostrating their Christian faith.
