There is no description so I am not sure, however I believe it is C. Cytoplasm
<span>Jack seems thorough and organized, takes pleasure in using sarcasm, and is offended by Lady Bracknell. Jack showed his organization when he explained that he preserved the court documents. He uses sarcasm when he acts interested in Lady Bracknell's comment about the firm, and he is offended by Lady Bracknell because all she cared about was who went to a dinner party.</span>
It would look like Modern would be the participle.
Because Modern modifies what the Essay is, Essay is the word modified.
I'm pretty sure this is right, since no other word in the sentence seems to modify anything.