The Earth's climate influences most of human activity from day-to-day patterns to key decisions in the geography of our cities and agriculture. Every region of the planet experiences different climates at different points of the year, most societies have been constructed in areas with reliable water sources for crop cultivation and farming, where different crops are planted and when they are harvested. Major climatic disasters such as hurricanes, cyclones, tsunamis etc, alter human activity massively, rendering homes and investments damaged and can affect financial markets also.
Perhaps the largest argument was that the Constitution did not grant enough power to the individual states. The Constitutional Convention was meant to REVISE the Articles of Confederation, not transfer power to the federal government. Another major complaint was that the Constitution did not initially contain the basic rights of normal citizens (the Bill of Rights). This was later added in order to convince the anti-federalists to ratify the Constitution.
Which battle are you referring to? In the Barbary Wars (which was the first major war to use American ships), Jefferson sent the fleet in order to stop the piracy of American ships.
The confederate states of America were different from the unified states today because the confederate people of the confederate states wanted leaves which today in the states we don’t have.