The answers provided to you should be:
A) “‘There are eighty of you in the car,’ the German officer added. ‘If anyone goes missing, you will all be shot, like dogs.’”
B) “On the first day of the journey, she had already begun to moan. She kept asking why she had been separated from her family.”
C) “When they came back, they told us that they had learned, in exchange for a gold watch, that this was the final destination.”
D) “But there was nothing outside but darkness. We returned to our places, shame in our souls but fear gnawing at us nevertheless.”
The answer is A because he is saying he will hunt them down and shoot them as if they were a wild animal, specifically a dog.
Upside and downside can mean a positive and a negative aspect of something, respectively. However, none of the options here present a couple of something negative and something positive: so I think we need to use the local meaning. So our analogy is:
on one extreme of some location (on the upper side): on the other extreme.
Therefore the best other couple is outside and inside: they also show two opposite locations.
Answer: formal operational stage ....?
Explanation: