The bullwhip effect is a distribution channel phenomenon in which demand forecasts result in inefficiencies in the supply chain. (Got this off from Wikipedia)
I think it is d. if i'm wrong please tell me.<span />
C is the answer if u would want to find more answers on that book go on shoomas
Answer:
because giving them lower grades can decrease their confidence in how they did but if you give them feedback they can see how they can improve themselves
Explanation: