The battle of the Atlantic was the naval warfare in the Atlantic Ocean between the German Kriegsmarine and the Allies' navies. The German Kriegsmarine had two categories: the Unterseefloat, which contained U-Boats (a type of German submarine), and the HochSeeFleet which contained the Capital ships, cruisers, and destroyers. The U-Boats were the main danger, as many Allied convoys had no escorts at the beginning of the war. The HochSeeFleet lost its pride, the Bismarck, on its maiden voyage, and never saw the success the Submarines did. Eventually, the battle of the Atlantic was won because of Germany's neglection of the navy, focusing all of it's resources to the land wars. Special sonar technology eventually made U-Boats much less scary, as they could be detected.
Major problems at the end of the war included labor strikes and race riots, and a lag in the economy due to farmers' debts. The Red Summer of 1919 saw an increase in violence in more than two dozen cities, as returning veterans (both white and African American) competed for jobs.
What it says about the treatment of those fighting for women's suffrage is that they're treated like criminals. A example would be Susan B. Anthony who voted in the election and got arrested. The point the young women is trying to make is that they're just fighting for the equality and freedom of women and that they should be treated fairly and not like a criminal.