Answer:
A controversy
is a topic that people have opposing views about.
Answer:
d. opinions
Explanation: To support evidence of a claim or counterclaim, an author needs to use facts, not opinions. An opinion could show that the author supports or doesn't support the claim, (Or counterclaim) but wouldn't use any evidence to say whether the claim is true or false.
The main idea of the passage above from Cotton Mather's "The Wonders of the Invisible World" is to justify the outcome of the trials. Thank you for posting your question. I hope this answer helped you. Let me know if you need more help.