Enzymes are (usually) specific to the substrates they bind to. Thus, each enzyme has one and only one substrate structure they can metabolize, so even substrates with similar structures cannot be broken down by an enzyme specific to one of them.
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Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 ml is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is called dead air space.
Alveoli are the tiny air sacs present all over the lungs. These are supposed to increase the surface area of the lungs so as to increase the amount of inhaled air. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through these alveoli.
Dead air space is the unventilated area where air circulation does not take place. This air is supposed to be get trapped somewhere in the respiratory pathway or it reaches an alveoli that is poorly perfused. The dead air space can be of two types: anatomical dead space and physiologic dead space.
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Answer:
Dmitri Ivanovsky
Explanation:
Dmitri Ivanovsky utilized one of these filters in 1892 to demonstrate that despite being filtered, sap from a diseased tobacco plant remained infectious to healthy tobacco plants. The filtered, infectious substance was dubbed a "virus" by Martinus Beijerinck, and this discovery is regarded as the origin of virology.
