Muscle cramps are caused when the muscle takes longer than normal to relax after a contraction. During contraction, the myosin heads attach on their binding sites on the actin filament and pulls on the filament hence shortening the sarcomeres. For the myosin head to release its binding site on the actin filament, ATP attaches to an active site on the myosin and is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. This causes relaxation after a contraction cycle. Cramps, therefore, may be due to depletion of ATP molecule in the muscles cells.
Another reason for cramps may be a high amount of calcium in the muscles that bind to troponin on the actin filaments. This exposes the myosin binding sites longer hence promotes the formation of cross-bridge even when the contraction of the muscle is not intended anymore.
Answer: A solar eclipse is a portion of the earth that is engulfed in a shadow by a moon and sun interaction.
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sciencebiologybiology questions and answersConcentration Of NAD+ (umol/L) 4 8 12 16 20 Concentration Of Lactic Acid (mmol/L) OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH...
Question: Concentration Of NAD+ (umol/L) 4 8 12 16 20 Concentration Of Lactic Acid (mmol/L) OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 4 8 12 16 20 Time (weeks) Figure 2. The Concentration Of NAD* (top) And Lactic Acid (bottom) In The Blood Of A Representative Treated Individual (a) Describe The Pattern Of Inheritance That Is Most Likely Associated With A Mutation In The MT-ND5 Gene. ...
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Concentration of NAD+ (umol/L) 4 8 12 16 20 Concentration of Lactic Acid (mmol/L) OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 4 8 12 16 20 Time (we
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Concentration of NAD+ (umol/L) 4 8 12 16 20 Concentration of Lactic Acid (mmol/L) OHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 4 8 12 16 20 Time (weeks) Figure 2. The concentration of NAD* (top) and lactic acid (bottom) in the blood of a representative treated individual (a) Describe the pattern of inheritance that is most likely associated with a mutation in the MT-ND5 gene. Explain why individuals are not typically heterozygous with respect to mitochondrial genes. (b) Identify a dependent variable measured in the researcher's experiment. Identify one control that the researcher could use to improve the validity of the experiment. Justify the researcher analyzing blood samples at many intermediate time points instead of at only the beginning and the end of the 20-week period. (c) Describe the relationship between the concentration of NAD in the blood and the concentration of lactic acid in the blood during the first 5 weeks of treatment with the vitamin. Based on Figure 2, calculate the average rate of change in blood NAD concentrations from week 5 to week 17. (d) The researcher performed a follow-up experiment to measure the rate of oxygen consumption by muscle and brain cells. Predict the effect of the MT-ND5 mutation on the rate of oxygen consumption in muscleand brain cells. Justify your prediction. The researcher had hypothesized that the addition of the vitamin that is similar in structure to NADH would increase the activity of the mutated NADH dehydrogenase enzyme in individuals
Chimpanzees are more closely related while orangutans are the least closely related of the apes. Gorillas are in the middle of the two.
