Because circumpolar constellations never rise or set, they provide reliable reference points for astronavigation. Knowing the circumpolar constellations in each hemisphere allows navigators to find their way using only the stars.
The atmosphere layer closest to the earth is referred to as the troposphere. Beyond the troposphere are the stratosphere, the ozone layer, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and neon.
No,northerly wind blows from north to the south!!!(p.s winds are named from the direction from which they come,followed by the suffix -erly for example wind from the north are called northerly winds(north+ -erly)
Mountain ranges will form
The doppler effect changes the wavelength of the light emitted, depending upon whether source is moving away or coming towards the detector.
Doppler effect in light is actually a relativistic effect (caused due to relativistic time dilaton and can be explained by special theory of relativity) but somewhat similar to the one which happens in sound waves. This effect has nothing to do with the bending in spacetime.
When the source is moving away from the detector, the wavelength of the light emitted from the source appears to be increased as seen by the detector (think of a wave being stretched), as a result the frequency decreases (since, speed of light is constant in all frames). Due to this decrease in frequency the light emitted from the source appears more red (since red color is on low frequency side in the electromagnetic spectrum) compared to the situation when source was at rest.
Vice versa for the source moving towards the detector
This shift in frequency is also known as doppler shift.
The shift in frequency when the source is moving away is known as redshift and the opposite one is known as blueshift.
