Answer:
The contribution is codex or codices in plural. These were folding books that served to record stories or history. They are similar to papyrus since they are both sheets and were used to record things in them. The folding books were a product of skilled scribes that were working under the patronage of gods. There are only 3 Maya codices left today because the Roman Catholic church destroyed most of them during an inquisition after they heard that the Maya were still worshiping idols.
All this is saying is that when the Europeans colonized Africa they did great damages to the social and political institutions of the natives on a local level, as opposed to necessarily a national level, due to the fact that power in Africa was relatively localized.
The correct answer is letter C. Newspaper ads are still a good method of bringing attention to a person's growing business. This is a great form of circulation that reaches many people in all walks of life and may possible be the business' consumer.