the lack of new factory jobs in the North" was not an economic problem facing the United States at the end of the Civil War. The others were all quite serious problems.
The Ice Age had a great effect on where people settled in americans since they were only able to reach North America through the Bering Land Bridge, which was only frozen due to the extremely low temperatures. Without this they would have had no way to leave Siberia.
Answer:
The political system of Central and Northern Italy was characterized by the city states great fragmentation and spirit of autonomy. This situation constituted an insuperable obstacle to any prospect of national unification and a serious barrier even to the formation of smaller state organizations such as the regional states into which Italy later consolidated.
This factor indeed stood them out.
The answer to this question is D.