Nixon term to describe the majority of Americans who supported his policies.
The "silent majority" was the group of Americans who Nixon believed supported him by not participating in the protests.
The counter-culture were the members of society who so disagreed with Nixon and government policies that they created communes and protested the war.
The First and Second Estates, comprised almost unanimously of the nobility, could always outvote the Third Estate. Since 1614, the economic power of the Third Estate had increased dramatically; in 1788, the popular call was to double the number of representatives from the Third Estate so that they'd have equal voting power in comparison with the other two estates. They wanted equal rights to vote and have representation in their government.
No they did not. They began during the Tang dynasty.
It provided incentives/enticements for growth, as well as gage money to land and resources.