Ecology
is made up of the science of biology. Ecology is a science that deals with the
relationships between groups of living things and their environments. To exist
with one another, organisms belonging to a same species either compete for the
resources or divide it amongst themselves, where animals and plants of the same
species co-exist and creates a beauty with nature.
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The correct answer is A. The theory that complex cells evolved after primitive cells engulfed bacterial cells that continued functioning.
Explanation:
This diagram shows how a primitive cell or a cell containing only genetic material evolves into a complex cell with specific organelles such as chloroplast or mitochondria by engulfing or integrating other cells, especially prokaryotic cells that continue living in the primitive cell and become specialized organelles. This process supports the theory the evolution of cells was possible as simple cells engulfed bacteria because as the diagram shows the engulfed bacteria evolved into organelles that make the cell become more complex as there were specific structures in the cell for different functions.
Sugar molecules, cells use carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make sugar molecules. They are moved into the sieve elements (phloem cells) through active transport. Water follows the sugar molecules into the sieve elements through osmosis (since water passively diffuses into regions of higher solute concentration).
Pathogens are any form of a disease causing bacteria, virus or any other microorganism. When they infect an organism, that organism now has to allocate precious resources in the form of energy in order to fend off the infectious microorganisms. In some other cases, an infection could be fatal to an organism completely and "stability" wouldn't really be the biggest worry for that organism.
In conclusion, if you're talking about a larger, more evolved organism with a working immune system. Pathogens require a lot of energy to fight, and for some small organism without a developed immune system, pathogens could throw them off completely.