Question

Match each philosophy to the correct philosopher.

Answer 1

A - 4: Wiiliam Blackstone believed that natural law was given to human by God. They were God's creation waiting to be discovered.

B - 1: Voltaire mantained that religion was useful to mankind but didn't have to be true and that a enlightened monarchy was best suited to govern

C - 3: Thomas Hobbes believed that people should exchange some of their individual freedoms for common security.  Forming the Social Contract.

D - Jean Jacques Rousseau mantained that each person entered into society with an unspoken agreement to refrain from harming one another.  But to be free and live together, we need the Social contract.

Answer 2

A. William Blackstone = 4. believed that natural law was given to humans by God
This 18th century philosopher had the opinion that God was the one who gave humans their natural rights - to be free, most of all. As such, they were unalienable and every single person should have them because God doesn't discriminate against his own creation.

B. Voltaire = 1. maintained that religion was useful to humankind but didn't have to be true
Voltaire believed that religion should exist because it gives people a sense of security and something to believe in or escape to from their miserable lives. On the other hand, he claimed that it didn't have to be true, but rather give humanity a reason to believe. 

C. Thomas Hobbes = 3. believed that people should exchange some of their individual freedoms for common security
Hobbes maintained that if people want to be safe, and if they want government security, they will have to give up some of their individual rights and freedoms in order to actually have such security - he thought it was a small price to pay.

D. Jean Jacques Rousseau = 2. maintained that each person entered into society with an unspoken agreement to refrain from harming one another
Rousseau thought that when we become part of the society, we have it in our minds that it is wrong to harm other people which is why we don't normally do it. There are some people who deviate from this rule, however, according to him, they don't have such notions of unspoken agreements