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s2008m [1.1K]
3 years ago
12

Estimate √40 to the nearest tenth. * A. 6.9 B. 6.3 C. 7.1 D. 5.7

Mathematics
1 answer:
Brut [27]3 years ago
3 0
B. 6.3
You can type root 40 into your calculator and will get 6.32455532. To round to the tenth is taking the first number after the decimal (3) and seeing of the number to the right of it (2) is less than 5 or greater than or equal to 5. 2 is less than 5 so 3 stays the same.
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1) Use Newton's method with the specified initial approximation x1 to find x3, the third approximation to the root of the given
neonofarm [45]

Answer:

Check below, please

Step-by-step explanation:

Hello!

1) In the Newton Method, we'll stop our approximations till the value gets repeated. Like this

x_{1}=2\\x_{2}=2-\frac{f(2)}{f'(2)}=2.5\\x_{3}=2.5-\frac{f(2.5)}{f'(2.5)}\approx 2.4166\\x_{4}=2.4166-\frac{f(2.4166)}{f'(2.4166)}\approx 2.41421\\x_{5}=2.41421-\frac{f(2.41421)}{f'(2.41421)}\approx \mathbf{2.41421}

2)  Looking at the graph, let's pick -1.2 and 3.2 as our approximations since it is a quadratic function. Passing through theses points -1.2 and 3.2 there are tangent lines that can be traced, which are the starting point to get to the roots.

We can rewrite it as: x^2-2x-4=0

x_{1}=-1.1\\x_{2}=-1.1-\frac{f(-1.1)}{f'(-1.1)}=-1.24047\\x_{3}=-1.24047-\frac{f(1.24047)}{f'(1.24047)}\approx -1.23607\\x_{4}=-1.23607-\frac{f(-1.23607)}{f'(-1.23607)}\approx -1.23606\\x_{5}=-1.23606-\frac{f(-1.23606)}{f'(-1.23606)}\approx \mathbf{-1.23606}

As for

x_{1}=3.2\\x_{2}=3.2-\frac{f(3.2)}{f'(3.2)}=3.23636\\x_{3}=3.23636-\frac{f(3.23636)}{f'(3.23636)}\approx 3.23606\\x_{4}=3.23606-\frac{f(3.23606)}{f'(3.23606)}\approx \mathbf{3.23606}\\

3) Rewriting and calculating its derivative. Remember to do it, in radians.

5\cos(x)-x-1=0 \:and f'(x)=-5\sin(x)-1

x_{1}=1\\x_{2}=1-\frac{f(1)}{f'(1)}=1.13471\\x_{3}=1.13471-\frac{f(1.13471)}{f'(1.13471)}\approx 1.13060\\x_{4}=1.13060-\frac{f(1.13060)}{f'(1.13060)}\approx 1.13059\\x_{5}= 1.13059-\frac{f( 1.13059)}{f'( 1.13059)}\approx \mathbf{ 1.13059}

For the second root, let's try -1.5

x_{1}=-1.5\\x_{2}=-1.5-\frac{f(-1.5)}{f'(-1.5)}=-1.71409\\x_{3}=-1.71409-\frac{f(-1.71409)}{f'(-1.71409)}\approx -1.71410\\x_{4}=-1.71410-\frac{f(-1.71410)}{f'(-1.71410)}\approx \mathbf{-1.71410}\\

For x=-3.9, last root.

x_{1}=-3.9\\x_{2}=-3.9-\frac{f(-3.9)}{f'(-3.9)}=-4.06438\\x_{3}=-4.06438-\frac{f(-4.06438)}{f'(-4.06438)}\approx -4.05507\\x_{4}=-4.05507-\frac{f(-4.05507)}{f'(-4.05507)}\approx \mathbf{-4.05507}\\

5) In this case, let's make a little adjustment on the Newton formula to find critical numbers. Remember their relation with 1st and 2nd derivatives.

x_{n+1}=x_{n}-\frac{f'(n)}{f''(n)}

f(x)=x^6-x^4+3x^3-2x

\mathbf{f'(x)=6x^5-4x^3+9x^2-2}

\mathbf{f''(x)=30x^4-12x^2+18x}

For -1.2

x_{1}=-1.2\\x_{2}=-1.2-\frac{f'(-1.2)}{f''(-1.2)}=-1.32611\\x_{3}=-1.32611-\frac{f'(-1.32611)}{f''(-1.32611)}\approx -1.29575\\x_{4}=-1.29575-\frac{f'(-1.29575)}{f''(-4.05507)}\approx -1.29325\\x_{5}= -1.29325-\frac{f'( -1.29325)}{f''( -1.29325)}\approx  -1.29322\\x_{6}= -1.29322-\frac{f'( -1.29322)}{f''( -1.29322)}\approx  \mathbf{-1.29322}\\

For x=0.4

x_{1}=0.4\\x_{2}=0.4\frac{f'(0.4)}{f''(0.4)}=0.52476\\x_{3}=0.52476-\frac{f'(0.52476)}{f''(0.52476)}\approx 0.50823\\x_{4}=0.50823-\frac{f'(0.50823)}{f''(0.50823)}\approx 0.50785\\x_{5}= 0.50785-\frac{f'(0.50785)}{f''(0.50785)}\approx  \mathbf{0.50785}\\

and for x=-0.4

x_{1}=-0.4\\x_{2}=-0.4\frac{f'(-0.4)}{f''(-0.4)}=-0.44375\\x_{3}=-0.44375-\frac{f'(-0.44375)}{f''(-0.44375)}\approx -0.44173\\x_{4}=-0.44173-\frac{f'(-0.44173)}{f''(-0.44173)}\approx \mathbf{-0.44173}\\

These roots (in bold) are the critical numbers

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