Answer:
a. commensalism is the correct answer.
Explanation:
By growing on the trunk or branch of a tree, a lichen gains height and exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. The tree is not harmed by the lichen but does not benefit either. The relationship between the lichen and the tree is commensalism.
Commensalism is a relationship between two organisms where one organism gets benefits from other organisms without causing any harm or any damage from the relation as it one side symbiotic relation.
In this, we can see lichen is getting benefits from the tree.
for example, lichen is getting following benefits from the tree such as ( a lichen gains height and exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis.) and they are causing any harm to tree neither any benefits so this is a one-side symbiotic relation and thus the relationship is an example of commensalism.
During metaphase 1 of meiosis of the cell cycle chromosomal translocation occur.
Explanation:
Chromosomal translocation is abnormal phenomenon when a fragment of chromosomes detaches and gets stick to the non-homologous chromosome in an individual. These are causative of aneuploid, cancer and infertility in organism.
In metaphase 1 of meiosis the chromosomes gets aligned on the metaphase plate. This leads to surety of equal number of chromosome in the cell.
Chromosomal translocation are seen in metaphase 1 because it is the phase of rearrangement of chromosomes where fragments easily gets attach to the other chromosome.
C.)The waste of animals returns nitrogen to the nitrogen cycle.
B. Viruses are not living.
A virus is nothing more than a packet of genetic material that does not display the characteristics of living organisms.