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Rate = 40/16 = 10/4 = 5/2 = 2.5 meters/second
Unit rate = ratio where denominator is 1 = 2.5/1 meters/second
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Dilation is scale factor, like a dilation scale factor of 2
I assume each path
is oriented positively/counterclockwise.
(a) Parameterize
by

with
. Then the line element is

and the integral reduces to

The integrand is symmetric about
, so

Substitute
and
. Then we get

(b) Parameterize
by

with
. Then

and

Integrate by parts with



(c) Parameterize
by

with
. Then

and

The answer is the same as the question. 1.75