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For number 1. The divine rights (of kings) was a concept that said the kings and queens had a god given right to rule and anyone who went against them sinned, when the Enlightenment era started this gave people a better rule of individualism and that god exist but does not interact supernaturally with the universe therefor debunking that kings and queens could rule in gods name.
2. this was a great era of change, restrictions of torture and education for girls came during the enlightenment era. science played a huge role and people started looking for facts instead of using god as the way for everything.
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By The Italian peninsula was inhabited principally by several native tribes before the Greeks settled there and the Etruscans rose to prominence sometime after 800 B.C.E. The Greeks founded several city-states in the south of the peninsula and in Sicily, and the Etruscans rose to power on the western coast where they brought their culture to the Latin peoples settled in small villages along the Tiber River. Here, three centuries later, a prosperous urban center called Rome would emerge. Rome flourished under the Etruscans but the Latin population resented sovereign Etruscan rule and joined with other indigenous tribes in a rebellion.
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Political factions or parties began to form during the struggle over ratification of the federal Constitution of 1787. Friction between them increased as attention shifted from the creation of a new federal government to the question of how powerful that federal government would be.
In general, a major result of more farms becoming mechanized was that "farm workers became rural entrepreneurs, although it should be noted that this was not universal.
